A state possesses the following characteristics:
1, An internationally recognized demarcated geographical area:
Each state is defined by a specific geographic territory marked by borders, whether natural features like coastlines, rivers, and mountain ranges, or artificial boundaries such as wire fences.
These borders are officially registered internationally, and the state’s airspace is also considered part of its territory.
The movement of people and goods across borders is controlled, requiring passports and permissions from authorities.
2, A permanent population:
A permanent population is a fundamental characteristic of a state. It signifies that the state has a stable and settled community residing within its territory on a permanent basis.
This population serves as the foundation for governance, actively participating in administrative processes and governance structures, including activities such as elections.
The presence of a permanent population ensures continuity and stability within the state, allowing for the establishment of institutions and the implementation of policies that cater to the needs and interests of its residents.
3, The right to self-determination of a nation:
This entails the freedom for the people to choose their governing authorities, irrespective of political party affiliations. Self-determination acknowledges the diversity of individuals within the community and grants them the liberty to select their representatives. This principle extends to the recognition and protection of various associations and groups formed within the state.
4, A state is an independent political entity, and its sovereignty is closely tied to the concept of self-determination. Sovereignty grants a state the authority to govern its people, enforce its own laws and rights, defend itself, and regulate its economy without external influence or control. This includes the ability to establish subordinate or regional authorities and delegate legislative, executive, and judicial powers as deemed necessary, known as the “devolution of authority.”
Public Administration N4 – The state
Public institutions are established to uphold law and order and provide services for the general welfare and care of the community. This enables the people to govern themselves according to their conscience, beliefs, and convictions, which can only occur if the state is independent and self-governing.
5, Additionally, A state can only be considered as such if it has received international recognition. This means that the state must be acknowledged by the global community as a legitimate entity with the right to participate in international affairs and discussions. This recognition is often granted through membership in organizations like the United Nations.
Once a state has achieved international recognition, it is free to govern itself and create its own infrastructure and institutions in accordance with its own laws and regulations. This autonomy allows the state to appoint its own officials and act independently in all aspects of governance.
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