Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer.
Question:
Which chemical is a product of photosynthesis that moves out of a green leaf through its stomata?
A, Carbon dioxide
B, Glucose
C, Oxygen
D, Water
The correct answer is: C
Oxygen is formed during photosynthesis as a gas and leaves the leaf through the stomata, which are small openings on the leaf surface.
Question:
The products of protein digestion are:
A, amino acids
B, fatty acids
C, glycerol
D, simple sugars
The correct answer is: A
Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream for use by the body.
Question:
Where in a cell does cellular respiration take place?
A, Nucleus
B, Mitochondria
C, Chloroplasts
D, All cell membranes
The correct answer is: B
Most energy in the form of ATP is produced inside the mitochondria, making them the main site of cellular respiration.
Question:
The process that occurs in the capsules of some plants to form spores is:
A, Mitosis
B, Binary fission
C, Meiosis
D, Fertilisation
The correct answer is: C
Meiosis produces haploid spores by reducing the chromosome number, allowing these spores to take part in the plant’s reproductive cycle.
Question:
A closed blood system is found in:
A, Annelida
B, Insecta
C, Cnidaria
D, Porifera
The correct answer is: A
Annelids such as earthworms have a closed circulatory system where blood remains inside blood vessels at all times.
Question:
Which animal activity is not beneficial to farmers?
A, Soil organisms preying on crop pests
B, Dogs herding sheep
C, Swallows feeding on insect larvae
D, Mice feeding on wheat in storerooms
The correct answer is: D
Mice cause loss and contamination of stored grain, which makes their activity harmful rather than useful to farmers.
Question:
The experiment below investigates respiration in yeast.
Which row in the table correctly describes the contents of the flask after 20 hours?
The correct answer is: B
In anaerobic respiration, yeast converts glucose to alcohol and releases carbon dioxide, causing the balloon to expand.
Question:
The graph below shows the results of three experiments to measure the rate of photosynthesis under different conditions.
Experiment 1 measured the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis
Experiment 2 measured the effect of temperature on photosynthesis
Experiment 3 measured the effect of carbon dioxide on pho
Which row in the following table correctly identifies the limiting factor for photosynthesis in each experiment?
The correct answer is C
The limiting factors for the rate of photosynthesis are identified by observing where the graph begins to level off, showing that light intensity is no longer limiting. In Experiment 2, the rate reaches a lower maximum than in Experiment 1 because the temperature is set at 20°C, so temperature is the limiting factor. In Experiment 3, which corresponds to Option C, the rate reaches the lowest maximum of all the experiments. This happens because the carbon dioxide concentration is kept very low, and the shortage of CO₂ prevents the photosynthesis rate from rising any further. Therefore, for Option C, carbon dioxide concentration becomes the limiting factor.
Question:
The apparatus shown was used in an experiment. The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start of the experiment and again three hours later.
In which test-tube will the carbon dioxide concentration decrease?
The correct answer is C.
The carbon dioxide concentration will decrease in test-tube C. This is because test-tube C contains both an aquatic plant and an animal exposed to light. In the presence of light, the plant carries out photosynthesis, a process that actively uses carbon dioxide from the water. Although both the plant and the animal also respire and release some CO₂, the plant’s rate of CO₂ uptake during photosynthesis is greater than the total CO₂ released through respiration. As a result, there is a net reduction in carbon dioxide in test-tube C.
In the other tubes, carbon dioxide does not decrease because either only respiration occurs (test-tube B and test-tube D) or the conditions do not favour enough photosynthesis to lower CO₂ levels.
Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Question:
A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
The Correct Answer is Mutualism
Mutualism is a form of symbiotic relationship where two different species interact in a way that is beneficial to both of them.
Question:
Reproduction which uses non-reproductive parts of a plant to produce new plants
The correct answer is Asexual or Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction where a new plant grows from a part of the parent plant, such as a stem, leaf, or root, without the involvement of seeds or spores.
Question:
The collective name for a filament and an anther
The Correct Answer is Stamen or Androecium
The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower, composed of the filament (the stalk) and the anther (the structure that produces pollen).
Question:
Organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms
The Correct Answer is Humus
Humus is the stable, dark, organic material that remains in the soil after the extensive decomposition of plant and animal residues by decomposers like bacteria and fungi.
Question:
The type of animal that does not have a backbone.
The correct answer is Invertebrate
An invertebrate is an animal that lacks a vertebral column or backbone, contrasting with vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals).
Question:
Tissue that transports water in plants
The Correct Answer is Xylem
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots up to the rest of the plant.
Question:
An underground stem in ferns
The Correct Answer is Rhizome
A rhizome is a modified, horizontal, underground stem found in certain plants like ferns, which functions in both vegetative (asexual) reproduction and storage of starches and proteins.
Question:
The incorporation of absorbed nutrients into the cells of the body
Correct Answer is Assimilation
Assimilation is the process where digested and absorbed food molecules are converted into new compounds (like proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) and incorporated into the cells of the body for use in growth, repair, or storage.
Question:
The process of producing ATP without oxygen
The Correct Answer is Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is a form of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of a small amount of ATP (energy) and byproducts like lactic acid or alcohol.
These diagrams show various organisms from the animal kingdom
Question: Give the letter of an organism that…
(a) has a haemocoel.
The correct letter is C
A haemocoel is characteristic of animals with an open circulatory system. This feature is present in Arthropods (Organism C).
(b) is sessile.
The correct letter is C
Sessile organisms remain fixed in one position. Porifera (Organism A) and the polyp form of Cnidaria (Organism B), such as Hydra, are typically non-motile.
(c) has a mesoderm.
Animals with a mesoderm are triploblastic. Arthropods (Organism C) possess a mesoderm, while Porifera (A) and Cnidaria (B) do not.Various options are given as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer.
Question:
Which chemical is a product of photosynthesis that moves out of a green leaf through its stomata?
A, Carbon dioxide
B, Glucose
C, Oxygen
D, Water
The correct answer is: C
Oxygen is formed during photosynthesis as a gas and leaves the leaf through the stomata, which are small openings on the leaf surface.
Question:
The products of protein digestion are:
A, amino acids
B, fatty acids
C, glycerol
D, simple sugars
The correct answer is: A
Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream for use by the body.
Question:
Where in a cell does cellular respiration take place?
A, Nucleus
B, Mitochondria
C, Chloroplasts
D, All cell membranes
The correct answer is: B
Most energy in the form of ATP is produced inside the mitochondria, making them the main site of cellular respiration.
Question:
The process that occurs in the capsules of some plants to form spores is:
A, Mitosis
B, Binary fission
C, Meiosis
D, Fertilisation
The correct answer is: C
Meiosis produces haploid spores by reducing the chromosome number, allowing these spores to take part in the plant’s reproductive cycle.
Question:
A closed blood system is found in:
A, Annelida
B, Insecta
C, Cnidaria
D, Porifera
The correct answer is: A
Annelids such as earthworms have a closed circulatory system where blood remains inside blood vessels at all times.
Question:
Which animal activity is not beneficial to farmers?
A, Soil organisms preying on crop pests
B, Dogs herding sheep
C, Swallows feeding on insect larvae
D, Mice feeding on wheat in storerooms
The correct answer is: D
Mice cause loss and contamination of stored grain, which makes their activity harmful rather than useful to farmers.
Question:
The experiment below investigates respiration in yeast.
Which row in the table correctly describes the contents of the flask after 20 hours?
The correct answer is: B
In anaerobic respiration, yeast converts glucose to alcohol and releases carbon dioxide, causing the balloon to expand.
Question:
The graph below shows the results of three experiments to measure the rate of photosynthesis under different conditions.
Experiment 1 measured the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis
Experiment 2 measured the effect of temperature on photosynthesis
Experiment 3 measured the effect of carbon dioxide on pho
Which row in the following table correctly identifies the limiting factor for photosynthesis in each experiment?
The correct answer is C
The limiting factors for the rate of photosynthesis are identified by observing where the graph begins to level off, showing that light intensity is no longer limiting. In Experiment 2, the rate reaches a lower maximum than in Experiment 1 because the temperature is set at 20°C, so temperature is the limiting factor. In Experiment 3, which corresponds to Option C, the rate reaches the lowest maximum of all the experiments. This happens because the carbon dioxide concentration is kept very low, and the shortage of CO₂ prevents the photosynthesis rate from rising any further. Therefore, for Option C, carbon dioxide concentration becomes the limiting factor.
Question:
The apparatus shown was used in an experiment. The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start of the experiment and again three hours later.
In which test-tube will the carbon dioxide concentration decrease?
The correct answer is C.
The carbon dioxide concentration will decrease in test-tube C. This is because test-tube C contains both an aquatic plant and an animal exposed to light. In the presence of light, the plant carries out photosynthesis, a process that actively uses carbon dioxide from the water. Although both the plant and the animal also respire and release some CO₂, the plant’s rate of CO₂ uptake during photosynthesis is greater than the total CO₂ released through respiration. As a result, there is a net reduction in carbon dioxide in test-tube C.
In the other tubes, carbon dioxide does not decrease because either only respiration occurs (test-tube B and test-tube D) or the conditions do not favour enough photosynthesis to lower CO₂ levels.
Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Question:
A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
The Correct Answer is Mutualism
Mutualism is a form of symbiotic relationship where two different species interact in a way that is beneficial to both of them.
Question:
Reproduction which uses non-reproductive parts of a plant to produce new plants
The correct answer is Asexual or Vegetative reproduction
Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction where a new plant grows from a part of the parent plant, such as a stem, leaf, or root, without the involvement of seeds or spores.
Question:
The collective name for a filament and an anther
The Correct Answer is Stamen or Androecium
The stamen is the male reproductive organ of a flower, composed of the filament (the stalk) and the anther (the structure that produces pollen).
Question:
Organic component of soil, formed by the decomposition of leaves and other plant material by soil microorganisms
The Correct Answer is Humus
Humus is the stable, dark, organic material that remains in the soil after the extensive decomposition of plant and animal residues by decomposers like bacteria and fungi.
Question:
The type of animal that does not have a backbone.
The correct answer is Invertebrate
An invertebrate is an animal that lacks a vertebral column or backbone, contrasting with vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals).
Question:
Tissue that transports water in plants
The Correct Answer is Xylem
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots up to the rest of the plant.
Question:
An underground stem in ferns
The Correct Answer is Rhizome
A rhizome is a modified, horizontal, underground stem found in certain plants like ferns, which functions in both vegetative (asexual) reproduction and storage of starches and proteins.
Question:
The incorporation of absorbed nutrients into the cells of the body
Correct Answer is Assimilation
Assimilation is the process where digested and absorbed food molecules are converted into new compounds (like proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) and incorporated into the cells of the body for use in growth, repair, or storage.
Question:
The process of producing ATP without oxygen
The Correct Answer is Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is a form of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the production of a small amount of ATP (energy) and byproducts like lactic acid or alcohol.
These diagrams show various organisms from the animal kingdom
Question: Give the letter of an organism that…
(a) has a haemocoel.
The correct letter is C
A haemocoel is characteristic of animals with an open circulatory system. This feature is present in Arthropods (Organism C).
(b) is sessile.
The correct letter is C
Sessile organisms remain fixed in one position. Porifera (Organism A) and the polyp form of Cnidaria (Organism B), such as Hydra, are typically non-motile.
(c) has a mesoderm.
Animals with a mesoderm are triploblastic. Arthropods (Organism C) possess a mesoderm, while Porifera (A) and Cnidaria (B) do not.